The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.